Analisis Kualitas Air Bersih Berdasarkan Parameter Fisika dan Kimia
Evaluasi Mutu Air Berdasarkan Parameter Fisika dan Kimia
Abstract
Clean water is a basic need that determines public health, sanitation feasibility, and the sustainability of domestic activities. However, water quality may change due to geological conditions, seawater intrusion, domestic waste, agricultural activities, industrial activities, and distribution processes. This article aims to analyze clean water quality based on physical and chemical parameters through a literature review of previous studies. The method used is qualitative with a literature review approach through content analysis of scientific articles discussing groundwater, drinking water, spring water, rainwater, surface water, reservoirs, and dug well water. The physical parameters commonly used include temperature, turbidity, color, odor, taste, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), and electrical conductivity, while chemical parameters include pH, iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), chloride (Cl), nitrate, nitrite, hardness, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and selected metals. The review shows that most water sources in the selected studies still meet water quality standards for specific uses, especially for pH, temperature, TDS, and several heavy metals. Nevertheless, several studies indicate parameters requiring attention, such as Fe approaching the allowable limit, high turbidity, high chloride, BOD and COD exceeding standards, and low DO in waters under organic pollution pressure. Therefore, periodic analysis of physical and chemical parameters is essential to determine clean water feasibility, select appropriate treatment technologies, and prevent health risks and environmental degradation.
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