PENGARUH TERAPI REMINISCENCE TERHADAP FUNGSI KOGNITIF LANSIA
Abstract
- Penurunan fungsi kognitif merupakan salah satu masalah yang sering terjadi pada lansia dan dapat memengaruhi kemampuan menjalankan aktivitas sehari-hari serta kualitas hidup. Reminiscence therapy merupakan intervensi nonfarmakologis yang memberikan stimulasi kognitif melalui proses mengingat dan mendiskusikan pengalaman hidup yang bermakna. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perubahan fungsi kognitif lansia setelah diberikan reminiscence therapy. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre-eksperimental dengan pendekatan one-group pretest-posttest. Responden berjumlah 60 lansia dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif ringan hingga sedang yang dipilih menggunakan teknik total sampling. Fungsi kognitif diukur menggunakan Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Analisis perubahan fungsi kognitif dilakukan menggunakan Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test dengan tingkat kemaknaan p < 0,05. Sebelum intervensi, sebagian besar responden mengalami gangguan kognitif ringan sebanyak 24 orang (40,0%) dan sedang sebanyak 22 orang (36,7%). Setelah intervensi, jumlah responden dengan fungsi kognitif normal meningkat dari 8 orang (13,3%) menjadi 24 orang (40,0%). Sementara itu, gangguan kognitif sedang menurun dari 22 orang (36,7%) menjadi 9 orang (15,0%), dan gangguan kognitif berat menurun dari 6 orang (10,0%) menjadi tidak ada. Hasil uji Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan fungsi kognitif yang bermakna sebelum dan sesudah intervensi (Z = −4,1973; p < 0,00001). Reminiscence therapy menunjukkan adanya peningkatan fungsi kognitif pada lansia dengan gangguan kognitif ringan hingga sedang dan berpotensi digunakan sebagai intervensi keperawatan nonfarmakologis dalam pelayanan gerontik. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan menggunakan kelompok kontrol dan follow-up jangka panjang.
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